Natural Science | What You Need to Know

Introduction

Natural science is at the heart of understanding how the world around us works. From the smallest microorganisms to the vastness of space, natural science helps us explore, explain, and predict the phenomena that shape our everyday lives. Whether you’re curious about life on Earth, the laws of physics, or the chemical reactions that power modern technology, this field offers endless opportunities for discovery. In this guide, we break down what natural science is, the different branches it includes, the subjects you’ll study, and the exciting careers it can lead to—everything you need to know to get started. 

Natural Science: Definition

The natural science definition varies because it encompasses multiple branches, including physics, chemistry, biology, and more. Despite their differences, these fields are united by a common focus: the study of matter, energy, and natural phenomena.

According to Merriam-Webster, natural science is any science that deals with “matter, energy, and their interrelations and transformations, or with objectively measurable phenomena.” In simple terms, natural science examines the physical world through observation, experimentation, and evidence.

What Natural Science Really Means

Beyond the formal definition, natural science is centered around understanding events and processes that occur naturally in the world. Human curiosity drives this field—scientists want to know why and how things happen in nature.

Researchers study natural phenomena to:

• Explain how natural processes work
  
• Understand why certain events occur
  
• Predict future natural events
  
• Apply this knowledge to protect, preserve, or even replicate natural systems

Natural science is different from social science, which focuses on human behavior and societies. Yet, both share a common purpose: to gain knowledge and understand the world better.

The Two Main Categories of Natural Science

Natural science is divided into two broad categories:

Life Sciences

These fields study living organisms and life processes. Examples include:

• Biology
  
• Human anatomy
  
• Botany
  
• Zoology

Physical Sciences

These disciplines investigate non-living systems and physical phenomena. Examples include:

• Physics
  
• Chemistry
  
• Earth science
  
• Astronomy
  

Overall, natural science consists of five primary branches, each fitting into either life sciences or physical sciences, and together they help us understand the world at both microscopic and cosmic levels.

Branches of Natural Science

Natural science consists of several major branches, each focusing on different aspects of the natural world. The table below provides a clear and organized overview of the key disciplines, their core areas of study, important concepts, and real-world technological applications.

What Does a Natural Science Manager Do?

A Natural Science Manager holds a senior leadership position responsible for supervising teams of scientists, including biologists, chemists, physicists, and research technicians. Their primary role is to ensure that scientific projects run smoothly, efficiently, and in alignment with organizational goals. Key responsibilities include:

• Aligning research objectives with the goals of the organization or product development teams
  
• Hiring and evaluating scientists, researchers, and technical staff
  
• Supervising projects and maintaining accurate records of research findings
  
• Managing budgets, funding, and financial resources for scientific operations
  
• Overseeing testing procedures and experiments to ensure quality and accuracy
  
• Establishing laboratory standards, safety policies, and administrative guidelines
  
• Ensuring laboratory supplies and equipment are available and properly maintained

In addition to managing teams and resources, many Natural Science Managers continue to conduct their own research. They typically work in offices and laboratory environments. 

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Skills Needed for a Career in Natural Science

A career in natural science requires a blend of technical knowledge, analytical thinking, and project management abilities. While earning a degree in natural sciences helps build a strong foundation, developing the following core skills is essential:

Laboratory Skills

Hands-on lab skills involve precision, careful observation, and attention to detail. These include sample collection, experimentation, data analysis, fieldwork, and interpreting results accurately.

Project Management Skills

Natural scientists often juggle multiple projects. Beyond understanding scientific concepts, they must plan, organize, and manage experiments efficiently while maintaining accuracy and safety.

Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills

Strong analytical abilities and a solid understanding of math and science are crucial. Scientists must be able to troubleshoot issues, interpret complex data, identify patterns, and propose effective solutions.

Simulation and Modeling

Computer simulations play a major role in modern scientific research. Scientists use modeling tools to test hypotheses, understand complex systems, and predict outcomes. Proficiency in simulation software enhances research accuracy and depth.

Scientific Programming

Knowledge of programming languages such as Python, R, or MATLAB allows scientists to automate tasks, analyze large datasets, build models, and create custom tools. Programming boosts productivity, reproducibility, and innovation in research.

What Subjects Will You Study in a Natural Science Program?

A Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Natural Sciences offers a broad and interdisciplinary curriculum. The subjects are carefully designed to help students understand core scientific principles, natural processes, and analytical methods used across different scientific fields.

While course offerings vary by university, some of the most commonly taught subjects include:

• Microbiology
  
• Financial Mathematics
  
• Biotechnology
  
• Astronomy & Space Sciences
  
• Biology
  
• Applied Mathematics
  
• Chemistry
  
• Physics
  
• Genetics
  
• Bioinformatics
  
• Statistics
  
• Molecular Sciences
  
• Neuroscience
  
• Biochemistry
  
• Geochemistry
  
• Physical Chemistry
  
• Soil Science
  
• Climatology
  
• Chemical Physics

These subjects equip students with theoretical knowledge as well as practical skills relevant to laboratory research, data analysis, environmental studies, biotechnology, and more.

Common Natural Science Courses

Natural science programs offer a wide range of courses that help students explore different aspects of the natural world. While the options are extensive and vary across institutions, the courses below provide a glimpse into what you can expect when studying natural sciences.

Microbiology

In a microbiology course, students study the structure, function, and behavior of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These courses often include laboratory sessions where students gain hands-on experience in culturing, identifying, and analyzing microbes.

Cosmology

Cosmology—or courses related to general relativity—explore the origin, structure, evolution, and future of the universe. Students typically learn about gravity, space-time, black holes, dark matter, and the large-scale behavior of the cosmos.

Physics

Physics courses focus on understanding the fundamental principles that govern matter and energy. Students examine concepts such as force, motion, energy transformation, scientific methodologies, and major theories like quantum mechanics and relativity.

Oceanography

Oceanography courses study the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the oceans. Topics may include marine ecosystems, ocean currents, climate change, marine mammals, and ocean-atmosphere interactions.

Biological Anthropology

This course explores human evolution, genetics, and adaptation. Students may study fossil records, primatology, genetic variation, and human development. Many programs also include laboratory or fieldwork components.

Top Universities to Study Natural Sciences

Natural science students explore natural phenomena, conduct experiments, and work to understand the world we live in. Many prestigious universities worldwide offer high-quality Natural Sciences programs known for research excellence, advanced facilities, and distinguished faculty.

Some of the top global institutions offering Natural Science degrees include:

• Sorbonne University (France)
• Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia)
  
• Imperial College London (United Kingdom)
• University of Oxford (England)
• The University of Edinburgh (Scotland)
• University of Bristol (England)
• University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  
• Utrecht University (Netherlands)
  
• Lund University (Sweden)
  
• University of Pisa (Italy)
  
• Northwestern University (United States)
• University of Notre Dame (United States)
  

Future Careers in Natural Sciences

A degree in Natural Sciences opens the door to a wide range of rewarding and impactful career opportunities. The field is highly versatile, allowing graduates to work in research, industry, healthcare, technology, environmental management, and more.

Research Scientist

Graduates can work as research scientists in academic, industrial, or government laboratories. Their work may involve developing new medical treatments, studying biological processes, or creating innovative solutions to environmental challenges.

Environmental Consultant

Many pursue careers as environmental consultants, advising businesses and government agencies on reducing environmental impact. They help assess pollution levels, implement sustainability strategies, and address issues related to climate change, waste management, and conservation.

Medical Researcher

If you’re interested in healthcare, becoming a medical researcher is a promising path. These professionals contribute to advancements in genetics, immunology, pharmaceuticals, and disease prevention. Their work plays a crucial role in developing life-saving therapies and medical technologies.

Biotechnologist

Biotechnology offers exciting opportunities for natural science graduates. Biotechnologists use living organisms and biological systems to create innovative products—ranging from new medicines and diagnostic tools to eco-friendly materials and sustainable biofuels.

Chemist

A career in chemistry involves analyzing chemical substances, studying their properties, and developing new materials or products. Chemists work in sectors such as manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and consumer goods.

Physicist

Physicists explore the fundamental forces and laws that shape the universe. They work on everything from particle physics to astrophysics, and contribute to advancements in energy, electronics, space exploration, and advanced materials.

Key Takeaways 

• Natural sciences is the branch of science that is concerned with understanding the world and natural phenomena. This is a field that is largely based on observation and experimentation. 
• A natural sciences manager career is one of the most sought-after options for aspirants seeking opportunities in the field after receiving the right qualification. 
• To pursue a career in this field, candidates need to develop specialized skillsets that include laboratory and analytical proficiency skills.
• There are several universities across the world that offer reputed natural sciences programs for aspirants to consider. 

We hope this blog helped you gain a better understanding of natural science as a field of science. Feel free to reach out to us regarding any help choosing the right course and college for your career in natural science!

All the best!

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FAQs 

Question 1. What is natural science?

Answer. Natural science is a branch of science that focuses on understanding the natural world. It studies physical and biological phenomena through observation, experimentation, and scientific analysis. Subjects like physics, chemistry, biology, and geology all fall under natural science.

Question 2. What are the main types of science?

Answer. Science is broadly divided into three main types: natural science, social science, and formal science. Natural science studies the physical world, social science examines human behavior and societies, and formal science includes disciplines like mathematics and logic.

Question 3. Is anthropology considered a sub-discipline of Natural Sciences?

Answer. Yes, anthropology is considered a sub-discipline of Natural Sciences.

Question 4. What is the entry-level education required to be a part of this field?

Answer. A bachelor’s degree from a recognized university is considered as an entry-level education required to be part of the field. 

Question 5. What is a PSM degree? 

Answer. A Professional Science Master or PSM degree is an advanced management degree that some natural sciences managers may consider pursuing. 

WRITTEN BY

Aastha

Sr. Content Writer

Aastha Arya is a Senior Content Writer at iSchoolConnect who writes about topics covering study abroad trends, exclusive news updates and prolific college courses. She has a 4-year of experience in this field and also likes to keep tabs on recent events, visa policy changes, and many other concerns that affect international students.

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